Peptide Health Digest Logo
Therapeutic Category Hub

Metabolic Health

Therapeutic compounds investigated for optimizing glucose disposal, beta-cell functional preservation, and mitochondrial oxidative efficiency.

Peptides in this Category (7)

Target compounds
FDA ApprovedGLP-1 RA
Semaglutide
A long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist engineered with an albumin-binding fatty acid side chain, heavily researched for glycemic control and weight management.
Biological Half-Life~165 hours (approx. 7 days)
FDA ApprovedGIP/GLP-1 RA
Tirzepatide
A first-in-class dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptor co-agonist demonstrating robust metabolic and body composition changes.
Biological Half-Life~120 hours (approx. 5 days)
Clinical TrialsGGG Tri-Agonist
Retatrutide
A breakthrough single peptide triple hormone receptor agonist activating GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon receptors, demonstrating up to 24.2% mean weight reduction in phase 2 trials.
Biological Half-Life~144 hours (approx. 6 days)
Research CompoundLipolytic Fragment 177-191
AOD-9604
A modified 16-amino acid C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (hGH 177-191) investigated for stimulating lipolysis without elevating IGF-1 or glycemic resistance.
Biological Half-Life~30 - 60 minutes
Research CompoundMitochondrial-Derived Peptide
MOTS-c
A 16-amino acid mitochondrial-encoded peptide that acts as an exercise mimetic, regulating metabolic homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, and AMPK activation.
Biological Half-Life~4 hours (systemic activity)
FDA ApprovedGHRH Analog with Trans-Hexenoyl Moiety
Tesamorelin
A synthetic 44-amino acid growth hormone-releasing factor analog FDA approved for reducing excess visceral abdominal adipose tissue in patients with lipodystrophy.
Biological Half-Life~26 - 38 minutes
Clinical TrialsMitochondria-Targeting Tetrapeptide
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
A mitochondria-targeting antioxidant tetrapeptide that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, optimizing electron transport chain efficiency.
Biological Half-Life~2 - 4 hours

Related Clinical Studies (10)

Browse All Studies →
Human Clinical Research2021-03-18

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1)

The seminal STEP 1 clinical trial demonstrating average weight reductions of 14.9% in the semaglutide group versus 2.4% with placebo at 68 weeks.

New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)Read Study
Human Clinical Research2022-07-21

Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1)

Multinational phase 3 trial establishing substantial and sustained body-weight reductions of up to 20.9% with dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist tirzepatide.

New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)Read Study
Human Clinical Research2023-08-10

Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial (TRIUMPH-1)

Landmark phase 2 trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrating unprecedented weight reduction of up to 24.2% over 48 weeks with the GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon triple agonist retatrutide.

New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)Read Study
Human Clinical Research2023-12-14

Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT Trial)

The landmark SELECT trial establishing a statistically significant 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in non-diabetic patients treated with once-weekly semaglutide.

New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)Read Study
Human Clinical Research2021-08-05

Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-2)

Head-to-head phase 3 trial demonstrating that the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist tirzepatide achieved superior glycemic control and weight reduction compared to semaglutide 1 mg.

New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)Read Study
Human Clinical Research2021-08-05

Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-2)

Head-to-head phase 3 trial demonstrating that the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist tirzepatide achieved superior glycemic control and weight reduction compared to semaglutide 1 mg.

New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)Read Study
Human Clinical Research2007-12-06

Effects of a Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Analog on Visceral Adipose Tissue in Patients with HIV Lipodystrophy

Pivotal phase 3 clinical trial demonstrating that the stabilized GHRH analog tesamorelin selectively reduces pathological visceral abdominal adipose tissue by 15.2% without subcutaneous fat wasting.

New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)Read Study
Preclinical2015-03-03

The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis and Reverses Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance

The groundbreaking Cell Metabolism discovery paper isolating the mitochondrial hormone MOTS-c, demonstrating systemic metabolic reprogramming, AMPK phosphorylation, and reversal of insulin resistance.

Cell MetabolismRead Study
Preclinical2020-08-01

SS-31 (Elamipretide) Restores Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Muscle Function in Aged Skeletal Muscle

Translational aging study showing that the cardiolipin-targeted peptide SS-31 reverses mitochondrial energy deficits and restores contractile force in aged musculoskeletal tissue.

Aging CellRead Study
Human Clinical Research2014-10-01

Safety and Tolerability of the C-Terminal Growth Hormone Fragment AOD-9604 in Healthy Human Volunteers

Clinical toxicology trial confirming that the fat-mobilizing peptide fragment AOD-9604 exhibits high tolerability in humans without inducing growth-hormone-like insulin resistance or elevating IGF-1.

Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyRead Study